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Recursive/Repetitive Patterns found in various encrypted languages during World War II
Country Bifid Encryption(*1) Trifid Encryption(*1) English 0.0661N(N-1) 0.0069N(N-1) French 0.0772N(N-1) 0.0093N(N-1) German 0.0762N(N-1) 0.0112N(N-1) Italian 0.0738N(N-1) 0.0081N(N-1) Japanese 0.0819N(N-1) 0.0116N(N-1) Portugese 0.0791N(N-1) Unknown Russian 0.0529N(N-1) 0.0058N(N-1) Spanish 0.0775N(N-1) 0.0093N(N-1) For comparison purposes: Random 0.0015N(N-1) 0.000057N(N-1)
Ref: ICSA Guide To CRYPTOGRAPHY by Randall K. Nichols (1999); p. 71 Note *1: Bifid and Trifid are fractional cyphers. Trifid is a permiation of Bifid and DES as we know it today is an advanced permination of Trifid.